The war was the second fought between india and pakistan over the region of kashmir, the first having been fought in 1947. Pakistan observes 6 september as defence day to commemorate the bravery and valour of its 5,800 soldiers who lost their lives during the war and captured 540 sq km territory from india. The 1965 indo pak war was the second conflict between india and pakistan, after the first kashmir war 194749. The kashmir issue and across the border terrorism have been the cause of conflicts between the two countries mostly with the exception of the indopakistani war of 1971 where conflict originated due to turmoil. The primary role of iaf in 1965 war to provide close air support to ia in its ground operations. Indiapakistan war 1965 this section of the site was the first ever detailed narration of the air war on the internet which subsequently got published as a book. The indopakistani wars and the indiachina border conflict takenori horimoto since india gained its independence in 1947, it has waged four wars intermittently by the 1970s against pakistan indopakistani wars and china the indiachina war.
It was the second war fought between india and pakistan and saw an unprecedented engagement of troops in the disputed regions. The indopakistani war of 1965 was a culmination of skirmishes that took place between april 1965 and september 1965 between pakistan and india. It gives a detailed account of 1965 indopak war and author, being a general in pak army, has very accurately analyzed each account of the major battles at the end of the chapters chapters named after major battlesoperations conducted during 17 days long war. But the truth about who won the 1965 indiapakistan war lies somewhere in between. This selective grafting of tactical doctrine did not, however, pay the expected dividends for want of imaginative implementation. Indopakistani war of 1965 simple english wikipedia, the. The war instead of being dispassionately analysed became a ground to attack and condemn political opponents.
There is no doubt that we won the war that was thrust upon us. These numbers itself says which air force was more affective. Instead of using their posts as firm bases for aggressive action in the surrounding area, commanders often adopted the least line of resistance and awaited results a most deprecatory practice both from the morale and leadership point of view. The two countries went to war again after pakistan launched a covert offensive across the ceasefire line into indianadministered jammu and kashmir. The kashmir conflict a politico military perspective. It gives a detailed account of 1965 indo pak war and author, being a general in pak army, has very accurately analyzed each account of the major battles at the end of the chapters chapters named after major battlesoperations conducted during 17 days long war. Excellent first hand account about the indopak conflict 1965. The conflict began following pakistans operation gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into jammu and kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against indian rule. The reason for these skirmishes are directly tied to pakistan and operation gibraltar, their attempt to secretly put fo. War despatches is not a regular action packed war book, but as the author has put it, written to document how the war was conducted, details of. An excerpt from stanley wolperts india, summarizing the indopakistani war of 1965, in three weeks the second indopak war ended in what appeared to be a draw when the embargo placed by washington on u. I have read many books on this, but this book gives an insight into what were the actual problems faced by the military planners and the solutions they came up with to overcome them.
The indo pakistani war of 1965 was instigated by several events. Maj gen yahya khan, goc, is briefing general ayub khan. Also present in the photo are gen muhammad musa, cinc extreme left and air marshal noor khan, paf cinc third from right gen ayub khan visits operational area in sialkot in july 1965. Pakistan had control of azad kashmir and gilgitbaltistan.
Sep 04, 2015 both india and pakistan will be commemorating 50 years of 1965 indopak war in september this year. The war took place during the course of september 1965 and saw both air forces conduct defensive and offensive operations over indian and pakistani airspace. Indo pak conflict 1965 book online at best prices in india on. I think if the writer was interested in writting a biased book he would have written it in indias favour of course there the book would have sold out in large numbers but john fricker decided to write the truth. The indo pakistani war of 1965 was a culmination of skirmishes that took place between april 1965 and september 1965 between pakistan and india. The initiative rested with pakistan to commence hostilities, which they did with a mix of irregular and regular troops and tactics. Why lt gen harbakhsh singhs book on 1965 war is important. The conflict was short and limited, packed with intense activity, major movement, heavy fighting and. Its history is replete with tales of pakistani army men rendering supreme sacrifices in the line of duty. The indo pakistani war of 1965 saw the indian and pakistani air forces engaged in largescale aerial combat against each other for the first time since the partition of india in 1947. Both countries fought over the disputed himalayan region of kashmir. Pakistan army thrust its armour and infantry 5 km into indian territory, the indian troops. The conflict was short and limited, packed with intense activity, major movement, heavy fighting and crucial decisions. The second indo pakistani conflict 1965 was also fought over kashmir and started without a formal declaration of war.
Indopak conflict 1965 and millions of other books are available for amazon kindle. India retaliated by crossing the international border at lahore. Bakshi will take us to the very lane from his memoir onf india pakistan 1965 war. The war began in august 5, 1965 and was ended sept 22, 1965.
The indo pak war of 1965 started on 06 september 1965. Ours was more of a reaction to counter offensive strikes of pakistan. Both india and pakistan will be commemorating 50 years of 1965 indopak war in september this year. The book although critcized by many is still only amongst the few books written by western authors about the indo pak 1965 war. What are some good books or articles on the 1965 indopak war. It was observed that the basic tactical concept of the pak army did not vary fundamentally from our own.
The indo pakistani war of 1965 escalated from a series of skirmishes along the kashmir and jammu regions into a full blown war. This military operation was named as operation riddle. Indopak war 1965 in a sense the september 1965 war between india and pakistan was the last of the threephased conflicts of the year between the two countries following a limited probe operation at the rann of kutch in april, a pakistani infiltration in disguise in kashmir in august, and the final showdown by crossing each others international boundaries in september. War despatches, contemporaneously written makes fascinating. The indopakistani fight of 1965 was a war that took place between april 1965 and 23 september 1965 between islamic republic of pakistan and the republic of india. Quite a surprise it was when the chief of army staff was trying to justify the indecisve war of 1965. In its application, however, there was an unmistakable evidence of the dominant influence of american and chinese techniques of warfare. He said,indian army was fighting a battle of attrition. Up in the hills, junior leadership was inclined to be complacent and sluggish especially when holding posts or picquets. Though india could conflict considerable military loss. General ayub khan visiting chamb sector during 1965 indopak war.
Columnist a h amin analyses the 1965 war dispassionately. In april 1965, a clash between border patrols erupted into fighting in the rann of kutch, a. Well written and seem to agree with other sources and accounts of the air war in indopak 1965 conflict i am familiar with. The battle of asal uttar was one of the largest tank battles fought during the indopak war 1965. Enter your mobile number or email address below and well send you a link to download the free kindle app. Prior to the withdrawal of the british from india, the state came. Since the partition of british india in 1947 and creation of dominions of india and pakistan, the two countries have been involved in a number of wars, conflicts and military standoffs. The indiapakistan war of 1965 this is also known as the second indopakistani conflict 1965 and it was also fought over kashmir and started without a formal declaration of war. India retaliated by launching a fullscale military attack on west pakistan. Then you can start reading kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer no kindle device required.
Later, in august, hostilities broke out again in the 2nd indo pakistani war, when the government of pakistan launched a covert offensive across the ceasefire line into the indianadministered jammu and kashmir. Origin of the conflict 1947 independence mergence of princely states princely state of kashmir 4. The war took place after pakistan launched a covert operation across. Indopak conflict 1965 book online at best prices in india on.
Indo pak war was against the pakistani forces in 1965. Sep 08, 2016 the battle of asal uttar was one of the largest tank battles fought during the indo pak war 1965. How did the indopak wars of 1965 and 1971 start, and who won. When foot soldiers took on the mighty pattons of pakistan asal uttar was a battle where foot soldiers took on the pattons that america had so famously bragged could not be destroyed by anything in the world. The indopakistani war of 1965 escalated from a series of skirmishes along the kashmir and jammu regions into a full blown war. During the 1965 conflict, the paf flew a total 2,364 sorties while the iaf flew 3,937 sorties. Though india could conflict considerable military loss on pakistan, the 1965 war added to. In real time why lt gen harbakhsh singhs book on 1965 war is important to read today it discusses how india whittled down the pakistani military, but could not destroy it. An excerpt from stanley wolperts india, summarizing the indo pakistani war of 1965, in three weeks the second indopak war ended in what appeared to be a draw when the embargo placed by washington on u. Everything you need to know about the 1965 indo pak war. The indo pakistan war of 1947 was the first of many wars between india and pakistan. The second indopakistani conflict 1965 was also fought over kashmir and started without a formal declaration of war. Pafs role on the other hand was to deny iaf air dominance and hamper iafs operations. Why lt gen harbakhsh singhs book on 1965 war is important to.
This conflict became known as the second kashmir war. The indopakistani war of 1965, also known as the second kashmir war, was the most violent and longest of the three indopakistani wars. Pakistan, still bitter and desperate after losing twothirds kashmir, launched a large operation called operation gibraltar, designed to infiltrate forces into jammu and kashmir to precipitate and insurgency against rule by india. The war took place after pakistan launched a covert operation across the ceasefire line in indiaoccupied kashmir, a fact that pakistan continues to dispute to this day. It provides a comprehensive overview of the conflict and makes sense of the morass of diplomacy and the confusion of war. Complete books were written out of sheer motivation based on pure and unadulterated venom. Pakistan made gains in the rajasthan desert but its main push against indias jammusrinagar road link was repulsed and indian tanks advanced to within a sight of lahore. The indo pakistani fight of 1965 was a war that took place between april 1965 and 23 september 1965 between islamic republic of pakistan and the republic of india. A very good book which gives an inside look at the workings of minds of a tactical planner. Numerically, pakistan army was much smaller than indian army. Indo pak war 1965 in a sense the september 1965 war between india and pakistan was the last of the threephased conflicts of the year between the two countries following a limited probe operation at the rann of kutch in april, a pakistani infiltration in disguise in kashmir in august, and the final showdown by crossing each others international boundaries in september. The conflict was short and limited, packed with intense activity, major movement, heavy fighting, and crucial decisions. With operation gibraltar having miscarried, pakistan undertook the bold chhamb offensive on september 01, 1965, by using a divisionsized force of tanks and infantry, with the objective of capturing the strategic akhnoor, thereby hoping to cut off the vital road link between jammu and poonch. This is a story of anticipation, of impending actions, of virtual equality of forces engaged in a savage battle of attrition in which no.
War despatches is not a regular action packed war book, but as the author has put it, written to document how the war was conducted, details of which could easily be lost in archives over the passage of time. The second indo pak war in 1965 was started by the pakistani army. Official war history 1965 bharat rakshak indian army. In early september, india retaliated by crossing the international border at lahore. Prior to the withdrawal of the british from india, the state came under pressure from both india and pakistan to join them.
The indo pakistani war of 1965, also known as the second kashmir war, was the most violent and longest of the three indo pakistani wars. How indian army tackled the situation and defeated pakistan inspite of being technologically. India and pakistan both claim to have won the 1965 war. Soviet union and the indiapakistan war, 1965, support was available for india on some important technical points and objections india had. Kashmir issue the state of jammu and kashmir was one of a number of indian states that recognized british paramountcy. Indopak war 1965 the general who saved punjab in the. The indopakistani war of 1965 saw the indian and pakistani air forces engaged in largescale aerial combat against each other for the first time since the partition of india in 1947. Indopakistani war of 1965 the indopakistani war of 1965, also known as the second kashmir war, was the culmination of a series of skirmishes that occurred between april 1965 and september 1965 between india and pakistan. Jul 30, 2019 when a ceasefire was finally established in january of 1949, india had control of jammu, ladakh, and kashmir valley. Sep 21, 2015 the 1965 indo pak war lasted barely a month. Excellent first hand account about the indo pak conflict 1965.
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